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Wysłany: Śro 19:02, 12 Sty 2011 Temat postu: christian louboutin pas cher Sidelights on foreign |
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Sidelights on foreign transport - road traffic in Germany
Design and management are inseparable. And road construction have an important bearing investment. Germany, the different levels of highway construction management, remote highway from the federal Transportation is responsible for planning and investment system ~, in fact, where the state highway travel was commissioned to carry out construction, maintenance and management. State, county and township roads are the state, county-level cities and towns responsible for the f state government investment in roads, urban roads from the town is responsible. In highway construction management system, the country with the Ministry of Communications, the states generally have Department of Transportation, the Highway Bureau under the State, then the number of highway projects under the New Roads Authority and to the road in charge of the tender, foot work, conservation and management. According to the German transport 91 to 2010 construction plan, will the federal investment 191.4 billion marks a remote highway, accounting for 38.8 of total investment in the second of traffic, traffic engineering and service facilities in Germany and its service road traffic engineering facilities are complete perfect, is technically advanced and applicable. If the roads are equipped with two irresolute punctuation reflective guide posts, to facilitate night driving in the lamp light to show a clear road and road profile. At all levels are equipped with a clear road signs and markings, in the intersection are equipped with auxiliary lanes to facilitate traffic safety. Also voted for the highway guide signs to prevent a bypass highway blocked in order to facilitate the flow of lead follow-up car near the highway or other highway speed shunt. Fill in the highway or higher or steeper the slope the way the other side of the road level, are equipped with crash barrier on the highway on both sides of every 1-2km are equipped with emergency telephones, emergency telephones and traffic can be directly police, emergency center or fire through. * 43 * V ~ ■ Ma sighed when receiving the emergency call traffic police, emergency center or fire department, highway maintenance station can be rushed to the scene within 10 minutes. On the highway, with petrol filling stations every 15 ~ 2Okm every 50km at the service center has closed,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], these services by the Federal Highway planning and construction services to associated companies and implement a unified tender almost all of the car rental business owners have joined ADAC (all German automobile club), ADAC \a highway traffic police, all of 8O per person, divided its area four times a day and night patrols,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], responsible for traffic safety, accident handling. In Frankfurt, there is no regional traffic guidance system \computer network control, variable signs also installed, using high sensitivity sensors and data acquisition devices, can automatically collect temperature, humidity,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], visibility, speed, traffic and other related data. Control center to process these data to determine and as the variable sign displayed on a reasonable speed, or fog warning issued, or show the traffic congestion,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], vehicle bypass signal, the system is running day and night for the German Highway No. 3 transport capacity of 260 000, 5 140 000 highway day and night traffic has provided a guarantee safe operation, and achieved remarkable economic and social benefits. Third,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the road surface and driving the technical requirements for speed road construction in Germany using a standardized standard design, the specification is the accumulation of practical experience in the long term, through theoretical analysis and concluded, with high practical value. Completed and the road surface, have a clean, smooth surface rough but strong, long life characteristics. According to specifications in design and construction of cement concrete pavement thickness, that is, from the surface layer, load-bearing layer and frost layer (also offering primary) component of the surface layer thickness of 20 ~ 26cm, such as link paths. Or leading to the interchange car park a small amount of road traffic, the surface layer thickness with 14 ~ 1gcm. In addition to the cement concrete pavement and structures link to point to other, generally without expansion joints, contraction joints and longitudinal joints, but were set dowel bar and rod. Fin joints often used the second cut. The first saw kerf is narrow and deep; W 3 ~ Smm, deep quarter of the thickness; the second saw kerf width 8 ~ 12mm, depth of about 30ram, to facilitate mechanical sealing material placed by 4cm thickness of asphalt concrete pavement thick, the thickness of the other structure, shall be governed by force and freezing requirements. Germany's highway speed by road class and the topography of the environment in which to decide, usually in the 80 ~ 130Km / h. Under normal circumstances, the car is about 140 ~ 160Km / h. Speed of more than 200Km / h is also very common, but, at all levels of the road, for large trucks, buses and the traffic speed, are to be limited; on the truck speed limit 80Km / h; on the bus speed 100Km / h. * 44 *
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