Free Mp3 Ringtones

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监控适当的临床试验
importanttonotethatinthecasestudy．iftheresultswerenotmonitored．thetriaIWOUldhavecontinuedtoenroluntiIaII191patientshadcornPleted．andthetriaIWOUldhavebeenconsideredunder—powered(65．5percent】torejectthenuIIhypothesis．Alternatively．iftheaggregate／blindedresultshadleadtopostponinqtheinterimassessmentuntiI150patientshadcornpleted．theconditionaIpowerwouldhavebeen51．7percent．andthere—estimationusingaTypeIIerrorrateof10percentf90percentpower)wouldhaveproceeded．TherevisedsampiesizeWOUldhavebeen258active：129placebo．andthetriaIWOUldhaveproceededwithaveryhighprobabilityofbeinqaSuccess．relativetotheprimaryendpOint．AmongthemanyissuesthissirePIisticexampiefailstoaddressistheissueofbiasandethics．WheneveraninterimanalysisisperformedthatrequiresthebIindeddatatobecomeunblinded．thereisa1waysalegitimateconcernreqardinqtheintroductionofbias．However．thisconcernneedstobebalancedagainsttheethicsoffollowingafrequentistmethodoloqy．continuingtoplacepatientsatriskwithanunderstandinqthatabsolutelynobenefitmaycomeoftheresearch．ThissameconcernexistswithadaptivedesigntrialS．Howeverthenumberofpatientsplacedatriskshouldbeminimisedthroughacarefullydesignedpre-specifiedmonitoringplan．Giventhesemonitoringtoolsexist．theethicaIimplicationsofnotmonitoringaclinicaItriaImustfaroutweightheoverheadofaDataMonitoringCornmitteeandconcernsascribedtobiasinorderfortheconceptofhumanclinicalresearchtosurvive．■ThisarticlewaswrittenbyBruceStouch．VicePresidentofStrategicProductDevelopmentatPremierResearch医药技术·PharmaTechnology
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